Development of Synthetic Variety of Coconut: PCA Syn Var 001 I. Status and Prospects
Keywords:
Coconut, synthetic variety, composite variety, open-pollinated variety
Abstract
Increased genotypic heterozygozity through phenotypic disassortative mating improves vigor and yield performance of progenies, while inbreeding causes depression, thus the use of F2 seeds from F1 variety hybrids could lead to disastrous results. Knowing the partiality of coconut farmers in using seeds from any high yielding variety for successive cropping, the development of an open-pollinated variety or OPV with a high degree of balanced heterozygozity is highly desired.
Started way back in 1979, the PCA pioneered the development of a synthetic coconut variety, i.e., PCA SYN VAR 001. With some modifications of the classical breeding method, a scheme was formulated to produce the base population of a synthetic coconut variety using single crosses from six tall coconut cultivars, four local and two foreign tall varieties, which were found to possess good general combining ability (GCA). Field planting of the F1 base populations was done in September 1992. Since then, observations on growth and development, flowering and early yield of the genetic materials, as well as the distributions of “bulked” seeds from the plantation are ongoing. The use of modern molecular marker tools, i.e. microsatellite or Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker technology in the development of the synthetic variety of coconut, including the status of the research undertakings and prospects of the new breeding populations are described in this paper.
References
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Rompas, T.H., H.T. Luntungan, and H. Novarianto. 1988. Metode pemuliaan kelapa (Coconut breeding methods). Prosiding Lokakarya Pemuliaan Tanaman Cengkeh, Lada, Kapas, dan Kelapa. Puslitbangtri Bogor. P27-39.
Santos, G.A., E.N. Baliñgasa and C.B. Carpio. 1979. Selection of base populations for use in coconut hybridization. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Scientific meeting of the Crop Science Society of the Philippines. April 23-25, 1979, UPLB, College Laguna.
Santos, G.A., R.T. Bahala and S.B. Cano. 1989. Development of a synthetic variety of coconut PCA ARB Annual Report (1989): 132-135.
Santos, G.A., and A. Sangare. 1992. Evaluation and utilization of coconut genetic resources. COGENT. p70-78.
Santos G.A., P.A. Batugal, A. Othman, L. Baudouin, and J.P. Labouisse. 1996. Manual on Standardized Research Techniques in Coconut Breeding. IPGRI-COGENT publication. Stanford Press, Singapore 100p.
Santos, G.A. 1997. Advances in coconut breeding and production. Paper presented at the Coconut Symposium held at BSWM, Elliptical Rd., Quezon City, August 28-29, 1997.
Satyabalan, K. And M.S. Laksmanachar 1960. Coconut breeding: effects of some breeding procedures. Indian Coconut Journal 13:94-100.
Segovia, S.J.E., N.O. Bituin, R.J.U. Carcallas, C.C. Reaño, R. Rivera, G.A. Santos and D.M. Hautea. 1999. Genetic diversity assessment in coconut using morphological and microsatellite markers. Abstract Paper. The Philippine J. of Crop Sci., 24(1): 106
Simmonds, N.W. 1979. Principles of crop improvement. Longman, London and New York.
Allard, R.W. 1960. Principles of Plant Breeding. Wiley, New York and London.
Baliñgasa, E.N. and C B Carpio, 1976. Genetic potential of some coconut populations in the Philippines. PCA-ARB Annual Report (1975 - 1976): 7-19.
Baliñgasa, E.N. and G.A. Santos 1978. Manual for coconut hand pollination technique. Breeding and Genetics Division, PCA-ARB, Davao Research Center, Bago-Oshiro, Davao City.
Banzon, J.A. and J.R. Velasco. 1982. Coconut Production and Utilization. PCRDF Amber Ave, Pasig, M. Manila.
Bos, L. 1985 Fundamentals of plant breeding. IAC, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Bourdeix, R. 1988. Efficacite de la selection massale sur les composantes du rendement chez de cocotier. Oleagineux 45:359-371.
Carcallas, R.J.U. 2001. Evaluation of microsatellite primers to determine effective number of sample size for genetic diversity analysis of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), University of the Philippines at Los Baños (UPLB) MS Thesis, 92 p
Chan, E. 1978. Growth and early yield performance of Malayan Dwarf x tall coconut hybrids on the coastal clays of Peninsular Malaysia. Proc. Int. Couf. On Cocoa and Coconuts. June 21-24, 1978, Kuala Lumpur, p.522-531.
Cockerham, C.C. and B.S. Weir. 1984. Covariances of relatives stemming from a population undergoing mixed self and random mating. Biometrics 40:157-164
De Nuce De Lamothe, M. and F. Rognon 1972. La production de semences hybrides chez Ic cocotier par fecondation naturelle dirigee. Oleagineaux 27(10): 483-488.
De Nuce de Lamothe, M. and W. Wuidart, 1980. Tall coconuts at Port Bouet (Ivory Coast). I. West African tall, Mozambique tall, Polynesian tall and Malayan tall. Oleagineaux 34(7): 339-334
De Nuce de Lamother, M. and G. M. de Bernard. 1995. L’hybride de Cocoties PB 121 (ou MAWA), NJM x GOA. Oleaginueux 40:261-266.
Frempnd, Y. R. Ziller and M. De Nuce de Lamothe, 1966. The coconut palm. International Potash Inst. Switzerland, 227p.
Gemperle, F.R. and Y.L. Fremond, 1978. Tagnanan coconut population: A promising breeding material. Proc. Int. Conf On Cocoa and Coconuts. June 21-24, 1978, Kuala Lumpur. P.500-507
Guarino, L.V., Ramanatha R., and P. Batugal 1999. Collecting coconut genetic diversity: Elements of a strategy for COGENT germplasm collecting activities. Papers presented on ADB and IFAD-funded projects Annual Meeting. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. October 28-November 4, 1998. 20p
Kramer, Tb. 1985. Selection methods in plant breeding. IAC, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Lande, R and R. Thompson. 1990. Efficiency of marker-assisted selection in the improvement of quantitative traits. Genetics 124:743-756.
Lee, M. 1995. DNA markers and plant breeding programs Advances in Agronomy 55:265-344
Liu, B.H. 1998. Statistical genomics. Linkage, mapping and QTL analysis. CRC Press New York pp 45-83.
Luntungan, H.T. 1997. Evaluasi dan pengembangan kelapa hybrid (Evaluation and development of coconut hybrid). In: Novarianto, H., R. H. Akuba, M. L. A. Hosang, M.M. Rumokoi, R.B. Maliangkay, Arie Lolong, and Amrizal. Prosiding Temu Usaha Perkelapaan Nasional, 6-8 Januari 1997, Manado, Indonesia. P120-135.
Mendoza, A.M.R. and E.N. Baliñgasa, 1978. Coconut genetic resources collection in the Philippines. Paper presented, 1978 IBPGR Consultation on Coconut Genetic Resources, FAO, Rome.
Meunier, J. 1992. Genetic diversity in coconut: a brief survey of IRHO’s work. In: Coconut genetic resources. Pp59-62. Paper of IBPGR workshop, Cipanas, Indonesia, October 8-11, 1991 International Crop Network Series No. 8 IPGRI, Rome
Novarianto, H. 1987. Analisis kuantitatif karakter agronomic dan analisi isozim daun kelapa hibrida (genjah x dalam) dan tetuanya. Tesis Pascasarjana. IPB. Bogor. 58p.
Reed, D.H. And R. Frankham. 2001. How closely related are molecular and quantitative measures of genetic variation? A meta-analysis. Evolution 55(6):1095-1103.
Rivera, R., K. J. Edwards, J. H. A. Barker, G. M. Arnold, G. Ayad, T. Hodgkin, and A. KARP. 1999. Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in Cocos nucifera L. Genome 42:668-675.
Rompas, T.H., H.T. Luntungan, and H. Novarianto. 1988. Metode pemuliaan kelapa (Coconut breeding methods). Prosiding Lokakarya Pemuliaan Tanaman Cengkeh, Lada, Kapas, dan Kelapa. Puslitbangtri Bogor. P27-39.
Santos, G.A., E.N. Baliñgasa and C.B. Carpio. 1979. Selection of base populations for use in coconut hybridization. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Scientific meeting of the Crop Science Society of the Philippines. April 23-25, 1979, UPLB, College Laguna.
Santos, G.A., R.T. Bahala and S.B. Cano. 1989. Development of a synthetic variety of coconut PCA ARB Annual Report (1989): 132-135.
Santos, G.A., and A. Sangare. 1992. Evaluation and utilization of coconut genetic resources. COGENT. p70-78.
Santos G.A., P.A. Batugal, A. Othman, L. Baudouin, and J.P. Labouisse. 1996. Manual on Standardized Research Techniques in Coconut Breeding. IPGRI-COGENT publication. Stanford Press, Singapore 100p.
Santos, G.A. 1997. Advances in coconut breeding and production. Paper presented at the Coconut Symposium held at BSWM, Elliptical Rd., Quezon City, August 28-29, 1997.
Satyabalan, K. And M.S. Laksmanachar 1960. Coconut breeding: effects of some breeding procedures. Indian Coconut Journal 13:94-100.
Segovia, S.J.E., N.O. Bituin, R.J.U. Carcallas, C.C. Reaño, R. Rivera, G.A. Santos and D.M. Hautea. 1999. Genetic diversity assessment in coconut using morphological and microsatellite markers. Abstract Paper. The Philippine J. of Crop Sci., 24(1): 106
Simmonds, N.W. 1979. Principles of crop improvement. Longman, London and New York.
Published
2008-04-01
How to Cite
Ramon L. Rivera, Gerardo A. Santos, Susan M. Rivera, & Ernesto. E. Emmanuel. (2008). Development of Synthetic Variety of Coconut: PCA Syn Var 001 I. Status and Prospects. CORD, 24(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v24i1.161
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Articles
