The Production and Characterization of Carbon Composite from Coconut Shell Charcoal
Keywords:
coconut shell carbon, PVA, carbon composite, TG/DTA, SEM/ EDS, FTIR, XRD
Abstract
Structure and chemical composition of coconut shell carbon with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the stimulant through the observation of TG-DTA, SEM-EDS, FTIR and XRD had been studied. The process was carried out by calcining coconut shell charcoal at the temperature of 873 and 1023 K under nitrogen flow, then mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) under composition of 2.5 to 7.5% wt. in water solvent. The development of carbon composite structure was observed by heating the samples in Argon gas of 1673 K, the rate of temperature was 10 K/min in 3 hours. The products were then analyzed by TG-DTA, SEM-EDS, FTIR and XRD. The result showed that the products were in uniform particle size of micrometer dimensions and spherical particles in shape, with average content of C element at 97.44% wt., aromatic character and semi-crystalline structure.
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Maria, A., and Teixeira, R.F., 2009, TG-FTIR Coupling to Monitor the Pyrolysis Products from Agricultural Residues, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 97, 637-642.
Ebner, F., Hofer, C., and Maurer, E.M., 2004, Conversion of Carbonaceous Material to Graphite Within the Grey Wache Zone of the Eastern Alps, Int. J. Earth Sci., 3, 959-973.
Elsayed, M.A., Hall, P.J., and Heslop, M.J., 2007, Preparation and Structure Characterization of Carbon Prepared from Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin by CO2 Activation, Adsorption., 13, 299-306.
Fraga, M.A., Jordao, J., Mendes, M.J., Freitas, M.M.A., Faria, J.K. and Figueiredo, J.L., 2002, Properties of Carbon-Supported Platinum Catalysts: Role of Carbon Surface Sites, J. Catal., 209, 355-364.
Gupta, S., Sahajwalla, V., Burgo, J., Chaubal, P., & Youmans, T., 2005, Carbon Structure of Coke at High Temperatures and Its Influence on Coke Fines in Blast Furnace Dust, Metall and Mat.Trans B., 36B, 385-394.
Hirose, T., Zhao, B., Okabe, T., and Yoshimura, M., 2002, Effect of Carbonization Temperature on the Basic Properties of Woodceramics Made from Carbonized Bamboo Fiber and Liquefied Wood, J. Mater. Sci., 37, 3453-3458.
Ilcin, M., Hola, H., Bakajova, B. and Kucerik, J., 2010, FT-IR Study J Radioanal Nuc.l Chem., 283, 9-13.
Inagaki, M., 2000, New Carbon: Control of Structure and Functions, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Kang, L., Zhang, J., Lian, H. and Luo, M., 2007, Co-Pyrolysis Characteristic of Coal and Natural Gas, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 24(3), 508-511.
Lalena, J. N., Cleary, D.A., Carpenter, E.E. and Dean, N.F., 2008, Inorganic Materials Synthesis and Fabrication, Wiley-Interscience, New York. 28-48.
Lin, C.C., and Yen, C.C., 2007, RF Oxygen Plasma Treatment of Activated Carbon Electrodes for Electrochemical Capacitors, J. Appl. Electrochem., 37, 813-817.
Maria, A., and Teixeira, R.F., 2009, TG-FTIR Coupling to Monitor the Pyrolysis Products from Agricultural Residues, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 97, 637-642.
Mendez, S. and Santamaria, R., 2008, Structural Changes During Pitch-Based Carbon Granular Composites Carbonisation, J. Mater. Sci., 43, 906-921.
Miyazaki, K., Maskawa, N., Kobayashi, W., Kaku, M., Yasumaru, N. and J. Kiuchi, J., 2005, Reflectivity in Femtosecond-Laser-Induced Structural Appl. Phys. A., 80, 17-21.
Mothe, C.G. and de Miranda, I.C., 2009, Characterization of Sugarcane and Coconut Fibers by Thermal Analysis and FTIR, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 97, 661-665.
Rampe, M.J., Setiaji, B., Trisunaryanti, W. and Triyono., 2010, Proceeding of the third International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Science (ICMNS), 23-25 November 2010. ITB Bandung, Indonesia.
Rampe, M. J, Setiaji, B., Trisunaryanti, W. and Triyono., 2011, Proceeding Conference on Materials, the 1st International Conference on Materials Engineering (ICME) and the 3rd AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials (RCM), 2-3 February 2011. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 153-158.
Sahajwalla, V.A.S., Mehta, A.S., and Khanna, R., 2004, Influence of Chemical Composition of Slag and Graphite on the Phenomena Occurring in the Graphite/Slag Interfacial Region, Metall. Mat. Trans. B., 35B, 75-83.
Saito, Y. and Takanori, A., 2004, Cone Structure of Hexagonal Carbon Sheet Stacked in Wood Cell Lumenm, J. Wood Sci., 50, 87 – 92.
Scok, J.S., Jung, S.C., Ko, Y.C., and Sun, D.S., 2005, Development of Carbon Dioxide Adsorbents Using Carbon Materials Preparated Coconut Shell, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 22, 291-297.
Tae-Hwan, K., Vijayalakshmi, Seok-Jin, S., and Dong, K.J., 2002, The Pore Mouth Tailoring of Coal and Coconut Char Through Acid Treatment Followed by Coke Deposition, J. Porous Mater., 9, 279-286.
Thomas, P.S., Guerbois, J.P., Russell, G.F. and Briscoe, B.J., 2001, FTIR Study of the Thermal Degradation of Poly (vinyl Alcohol), J. Ther. Anal. Calorim., 64, 501-508.
Van der Marrel, H.W. and Beutelspacher, M.H., 1976, Atlas of Infrared Spectroscopy of Clay Minerals and Their Admixtures, Elsevier, New York.
Wiratmoko, A., and Halloran, J.W., 2009, Fabricated Carbon from Minimally Processed Coke and Coal Tar Pitch as a Carbon - Sequestering Construction Material, J. Mater. Sci., 44, 2097-2100.
Weast, R. C., 1970, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 51st edition 1970-1971 (CRC), USA.
Maria, A., and Teixeira, R.F., 2009, TG-FTIR Coupling to Monitor the Pyrolysis Products from Agricultural Residues, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 97, 637-642.
Published
2012-04-01
How to Cite
Rampe, M. J., Setiaji, B., Trisunaryanti, W., & Triyono. (2012). The Production and Characterization of Carbon Composite from Coconut Shell Charcoal. CORD, 28(1), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v28i1.109
Section
Articles
