CURRENT STATUS OF COCONUT RESEARCH IN SRI LANKA
Keywords:
Coconut Research, Plantation
Abstract
Coconut occupies about 410,000 ha of land in Sri Lanka, and is the largest plantation crop. The most important coconut growing area is called the "Coconut triangle" which comprises most of the districts of Puttalam. Colombo and Gampaha. Together, they account for nearly 70 per cent of the coconut lands. There are about 700,000 coconut growers, the majority of which are small‑holders. About 70‑75 per cent of the holdings are below 4 hectares.
References
Anon. (1984) Opportunities for intercropping Special Report No. 2. Ministry of Finance and Planning, Colombo.
Balakrishnamurthi, T. S. (1969) Isotope studies on efficiency of fertilizer utilization by coconut palms. Ceylon Cocon Q 20:111 122.
Cock, M. J. W. and P. A. C. R. Perera (1988) Biological control of Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera; Oecophoridae) Occasional Publication Series No. 2. CRI 44 pp.
De Silva M. A. T., B. S. A. F. Mendis, P. A. D. G. A. Appuhamy & G. D. George (1974) Micronutrients in the nutrition of coconut II. Effect of micronutrient deficiences in the distribution of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B in leaf components of coconut seedlings. Ceylon Cocon Q 25: 128 138.
De Silva N. T. M. H. and C. A. Tisdell (1981) Response of coconut to fertilizer and advice to Sri Lankan grower: an aggregative approach. Ceylon Cocon Q 32: 72 79.
Dharmadikari P. R., P. A. C. R. Perera and T. M. F. Hassen (1977) A short account of the biological control of Promecotheca curning (Col: Hispidae), the coconut leaf miner in Sri Lanka. Entomophaga 22: 348.
Ferdinandez, D. E. F. (1979) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1979. Ceylon Cocon Q 31: 45 50.
Fernando H. E. (1972) Concluding report on control of Promecotheca cumingi the introduced pest of coconut. Ceylon Cocon Q 23: 116 22.
Fernando L. C. P. and P. Kanagaratnam (1987) In annual Report of the Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka for 1987 p. 133.
Fernando. W. M. U. and M. R. T. Wickramaratne (1988) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1987 pp 55.
Gunathilaka, H. A. J. (1986) Mixed cropping models for coconut lands. Coconut Bulletin 3(l) 29 31.
Harland, S. C. (1957) The improvement of the coconut palm by breeding and selection Bulletin No. 15, CRI.
Henry Nimal P. A. (1984) Protect small holdings from drought. Coconut Bulletin 1: 11 14.
Jayasekera, K. S. (1988) Status of nutritional deficiencies of coconut in Sri Lanka. Working Group on Coconut Nutritional Deficiencies RAS 80/032, Davao, Philippines.
Jayasekera K. S. and P Loganathan (1981) Effect of husk burial in coconut lands on soil moisture conservation. Proc. Sri Lanka Assn. for the Advt. Science 1981 p 28.
Kanagaratman P. and J. L. J. G Pinto (1985) Effect of monocrotophos on the leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walk when injected into the trunk of the coconut palm. COCOS 3; 9 15.
Liyanage D. V. (1959) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1959.
Liyanage, D. V. (1963) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1963.
Liyanage, D. V. (1967) Identification of genotypes of coconut palms suitable for breeding. Exp. Agric 3: 205 210.
Liyanage, D. V. (1989) Strategy for popularization of high yielding varieties among small holders. XXVI COCOTECH, Asian & Pacific Coconut Community, Indonesia.
Liyanage, D. V. and K. I. Sakai (1960) Heritabilities of certain yield characters of the coconut palm. J Genetics 57; 245 252.
Liyanage D. V. ; M. R. T. Wickramaratne and C. Jayasekera (1988) Coconut Breeding in Sri Lanka : A Review. COCOS 6: 1 26.
Liyanage L. V. K. (1985) Rationale for intercropping. Coconut Bulletin 2(2): 31 34
Liyanage L. V. K. (1987) Moisture conservation in coconut lands. Coconut Bulletin 4(2) 1 5.
Liyanage, M. de S. (1988) Use of coir dust for moisture conservation. Coc Bull 5; 18 20.
Liyanage M. de S., K. G. Tejwani and P. K. R. Nair (1984) Intercropping under coconuts in Sri Lanka Agroforestry Systems 2: 215 28.
Loganathan, P. (1977) Profitability of fertilizing young coconut: results of three long term field experiments. Ceylon Cocon Q 28; 68 72.
Loganathan P and T. S. Balakirishnamurthi (1975) Response of coconut to N, P and K fertilizer application from the time of field planting on a lateritic gravel soil in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Cocon Q 26: 89 98.
Loganathan P and T. S. Balakrishnamurthi (1979) Effects of N P K fertilizers on the yield and leaf nutrient concentration of adult coconut on a laterictic gravelly soil in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Cocon Q 30: 81 89.
Manthriratne M. A. P. (1971) Some results of field experimentation with typica x nana F1, ybrids. Ceylon Cocon Q 22: 107 43.
Manthriratne, M.A.P. & V. Abeywardene (1979) Planting densities and planting systems for coconut, Cocos nucifera L. 2. Studies of yield characteristics and the economics of planting at different densities. Ceylon Cocon Q 30: 107 115.
Mahindapala R. (1978) Pests and diseases of coconut and their control Ceylon Cocon Q 29: 97 102.
Mahindapala R. (1984) Measures to minimize drought damage in coconut plantations Coconut Bulletin 1; 1 4.
Mahindapala R. (1985) Biological Control the past, the present and the future. Proc Sri Lanka Ass. Advmt Sci 41 (2) 33 44.
Mahindapala R. (1988) Status of coconut diseases and disorders in Sri Lanka. Proc. Of COCOTECH meeting; March, 1988; Asian & Pacific Coconut Community, Indonesia.
Mahindapala, R. 9 J. K. F. Kirtisinghe and J. L. J. G. Pinto (1982) Biological control of Eupatorium odoratum. Ceylon Cocon Q 33: 103 109.
Mathes, D. T. (1986) Economics of intercropping coffee, cacao and pepper under coconut. Coconut Bulletin 3(l); 9 11.
Nathanael, W.R.N. (1954) The manufacture and characteristics of Ceylon Arrack Ceylon Cocon Q. 5: 77 83.
Nathanael, W. R. N. (1955) The commercial possibilities of manufacture of high grade vinegar from coconut toddy. Ceylon Cocon Q 6; 81 85.
Nathanael, W.R.N. (1961) Coconut nutrition and fertilizer requirements: the plant approach. Ceylon Cocon Q. 12: 101 120.
Nathanael, W. R. N. (1966) Moisture and other quality factors of copra. Ceylon Cocon Q 17: 1 14.
Nathanael, W.R.N. (1967) The Application of fertilizers to adult coconut palms in relation to theoretical concepts Ceylon Cocon Q. 18: 5 30.
Nathanael, W.R.N. (1970 a) Coconut toddy tapping and cottage manufacture of treacle and jaggery, Ceylon Cocon PIrs Rev. 6: 63 65.
Nathanael W.R.N. (1970 b) Non conventional uses and processing techniques for coconut products. Ceylon Cocon Q. 21: 99 106.
Perera P. A. C. R., M.P. Hassell and H.C.J. Godfray (1988) Population dynamics of the coconut caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera; Xyloryctidae) in Sri Lanka. Bull ent Res. 78; 479 492.
Perera, P. A. C. R., R. Mahindapala and U. Pethiyagoda (1989) A technique for application of systemic insecticide. COCOS 7 (In press).
Pieris, W.V.D. (1934) Studies on coconut palm 1 Trop Agric 82: 75 97.
Pieris, W.V.D. (1935) Studies on coconut palm 2 Trop Agri 85: 208 220.
Pieris, W.V.D. (1943) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1943.
Raghavan, T S (1948) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1948.
Ran atunga A. S., L. V. K. Liyanage and R. A. J. R. Perera (1988) Coconut based cropping systems in the wet and wet intermediate zones: Present constraints and prospects. Occasional Publication Series No. 1, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka.
Salgado, M. L. M. (1937) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1937.
Salgado, M. L. M. (1952) Potash and its importance in coconut manuring Ceylon Cocon Q 3(4); 191 92.
Salgado M. L. M. (1957) Preliminary studies on the chemistry of cattle manuring on coconut estates. Trop. Agri 107: 218 224.
Salgado M. L. M. (1958) Land use and soil and water relations with reference to coconut cultivation Ceylon Cocon Q 9; 11 19.
Santhirasegaram, K. and D. E. F. Ferdinandez (1967) Yield and competitive relationship between two species of Brachiaria in association. Trop Agric 44; 229 234.
Shanmuganathan R. T (1985) Use of organic manure. Coconut Bulletin 2; 19 20.
Wickremaratne, M. R. T. (1988) Assessment of experience with new varieties of coconut Sri Lanka AENVC No.3, Asian & Pacific Coconut Community, Indonesia.
Balakrishnamurthi, T. S. (1969) Isotope studies on efficiency of fertilizer utilization by coconut palms. Ceylon Cocon Q 20:111 122.
Cock, M. J. W. and P. A. C. R. Perera (1988) Biological control of Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera; Oecophoridae) Occasional Publication Series No. 2. CRI 44 pp.
De Silva M. A. T., B. S. A. F. Mendis, P. A. D. G. A. Appuhamy & G. D. George (1974) Micronutrients in the nutrition of coconut II. Effect of micronutrient deficiences in the distribution of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B in leaf components of coconut seedlings. Ceylon Cocon Q 25: 128 138.
De Silva N. T. M. H. and C. A. Tisdell (1981) Response of coconut to fertilizer and advice to Sri Lankan grower: an aggregative approach. Ceylon Cocon Q 32: 72 79.
Dharmadikari P. R., P. A. C. R. Perera and T. M. F. Hassen (1977) A short account of the biological control of Promecotheca curning (Col: Hispidae), the coconut leaf miner in Sri Lanka. Entomophaga 22: 348.
Ferdinandez, D. E. F. (1979) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1979. Ceylon Cocon Q 31: 45 50.
Fernando H. E. (1972) Concluding report on control of Promecotheca cumingi the introduced pest of coconut. Ceylon Cocon Q 23: 116 22.
Fernando L. C. P. and P. Kanagaratnam (1987) In annual Report of the Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka for 1987 p. 133.
Fernando. W. M. U. and M. R. T. Wickramaratne (1988) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1987 pp 55.
Gunathilaka, H. A. J. (1986) Mixed cropping models for coconut lands. Coconut Bulletin 3(l) 29 31.
Harland, S. C. (1957) The improvement of the coconut palm by breeding and selection Bulletin No. 15, CRI.
Henry Nimal P. A. (1984) Protect small holdings from drought. Coconut Bulletin 1: 11 14.
Jayasekera, K. S. (1988) Status of nutritional deficiencies of coconut in Sri Lanka. Working Group on Coconut Nutritional Deficiencies RAS 80/032, Davao, Philippines.
Jayasekera K. S. and P Loganathan (1981) Effect of husk burial in coconut lands on soil moisture conservation. Proc. Sri Lanka Assn. for the Advt. Science 1981 p 28.
Kanagaratman P. and J. L. J. G Pinto (1985) Effect of monocrotophos on the leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walk when injected into the trunk of the coconut palm. COCOS 3; 9 15.
Liyanage D. V. (1959) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1959.
Liyanage, D. V. (1963) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1963.
Liyanage, D. V. (1967) Identification of genotypes of coconut palms suitable for breeding. Exp. Agric 3: 205 210.
Liyanage, D. V. (1989) Strategy for popularization of high yielding varieties among small holders. XXVI COCOTECH, Asian & Pacific Coconut Community, Indonesia.
Liyanage, D. V. and K. I. Sakai (1960) Heritabilities of certain yield characters of the coconut palm. J Genetics 57; 245 252.
Liyanage D. V. ; M. R. T. Wickramaratne and C. Jayasekera (1988) Coconut Breeding in Sri Lanka : A Review. COCOS 6: 1 26.
Liyanage L. V. K. (1985) Rationale for intercropping. Coconut Bulletin 2(2): 31 34
Liyanage L. V. K. (1987) Moisture conservation in coconut lands. Coconut Bulletin 4(2) 1 5.
Liyanage, M. de S. (1988) Use of coir dust for moisture conservation. Coc Bull 5; 18 20.
Liyanage M. de S., K. G. Tejwani and P. K. R. Nair (1984) Intercropping under coconuts in Sri Lanka Agroforestry Systems 2: 215 28.
Loganathan, P. (1977) Profitability of fertilizing young coconut: results of three long term field experiments. Ceylon Cocon Q 28; 68 72.
Loganathan P and T. S. Balakirishnamurthi (1975) Response of coconut to N, P and K fertilizer application from the time of field planting on a lateritic gravel soil in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Cocon Q 26: 89 98.
Loganathan P and T. S. Balakrishnamurthi (1979) Effects of N P K fertilizers on the yield and leaf nutrient concentration of adult coconut on a laterictic gravelly soil in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Cocon Q 30: 81 89.
Manthriratne M. A. P. (1971) Some results of field experimentation with typica x nana F1, ybrids. Ceylon Cocon Q 22: 107 43.
Manthriratne, M.A.P. & V. Abeywardene (1979) Planting densities and planting systems for coconut, Cocos nucifera L. 2. Studies of yield characteristics and the economics of planting at different densities. Ceylon Cocon Q 30: 107 115.
Mahindapala R. (1978) Pests and diseases of coconut and their control Ceylon Cocon Q 29: 97 102.
Mahindapala R. (1984) Measures to minimize drought damage in coconut plantations Coconut Bulletin 1; 1 4.
Mahindapala R. (1985) Biological Control the past, the present and the future. Proc Sri Lanka Ass. Advmt Sci 41 (2) 33 44.
Mahindapala R. (1988) Status of coconut diseases and disorders in Sri Lanka. Proc. Of COCOTECH meeting; March, 1988; Asian & Pacific Coconut Community, Indonesia.
Mahindapala, R. 9 J. K. F. Kirtisinghe and J. L. J. G. Pinto (1982) Biological control of Eupatorium odoratum. Ceylon Cocon Q 33: 103 109.
Mathes, D. T. (1986) Economics of intercropping coffee, cacao and pepper under coconut. Coconut Bulletin 3(l); 9 11.
Nathanael, W.R.N. (1954) The manufacture and characteristics of Ceylon Arrack Ceylon Cocon Q. 5: 77 83.
Nathanael, W. R. N. (1955) The commercial possibilities of manufacture of high grade vinegar from coconut toddy. Ceylon Cocon Q 6; 81 85.
Nathanael, W.R.N. (1961) Coconut nutrition and fertilizer requirements: the plant approach. Ceylon Cocon Q. 12: 101 120.
Nathanael, W. R. N. (1966) Moisture and other quality factors of copra. Ceylon Cocon Q 17: 1 14.
Nathanael, W.R.N. (1967) The Application of fertilizers to adult coconut palms in relation to theoretical concepts Ceylon Cocon Q. 18: 5 30.
Nathanael, W.R.N. (1970 a) Coconut toddy tapping and cottage manufacture of treacle and jaggery, Ceylon Cocon PIrs Rev. 6: 63 65.
Nathanael W.R.N. (1970 b) Non conventional uses and processing techniques for coconut products. Ceylon Cocon Q. 21: 99 106.
Perera P. A. C. R., M.P. Hassell and H.C.J. Godfray (1988) Population dynamics of the coconut caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera; Xyloryctidae) in Sri Lanka. Bull ent Res. 78; 479 492.
Perera, P. A. C. R., R. Mahindapala and U. Pethiyagoda (1989) A technique for application of systemic insecticide. COCOS 7 (In press).
Pieris, W.V.D. (1934) Studies on coconut palm 1 Trop Agric 82: 75 97.
Pieris, W.V.D. (1935) Studies on coconut palm 2 Trop Agri 85: 208 220.
Pieris, W.V.D. (1943) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1943.
Raghavan, T S (1948) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1948.
Ran atunga A. S., L. V. K. Liyanage and R. A. J. R. Perera (1988) Coconut based cropping systems in the wet and wet intermediate zones: Present constraints and prospects. Occasional Publication Series No. 1, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka.
Salgado, M. L. M. (1937) In Annual Report of the CRI for 1937.
Salgado, M. L. M. (1952) Potash and its importance in coconut manuring Ceylon Cocon Q 3(4); 191 92.
Salgado M. L. M. (1957) Preliminary studies on the chemistry of cattle manuring on coconut estates. Trop. Agri 107: 218 224.
Salgado M. L. M. (1958) Land use and soil and water relations with reference to coconut cultivation Ceylon Cocon Q 9; 11 19.
Santhirasegaram, K. and D. E. F. Ferdinandez (1967) Yield and competitive relationship between two species of Brachiaria in association. Trop Agric 44; 229 234.
Shanmuganathan R. T (1985) Use of organic manure. Coconut Bulletin 2; 19 20.
Wickremaratne, M. R. T. (1988) Assessment of experience with new varieties of coconut Sri Lanka AENVC No.3, Asian & Pacific Coconut Community, Indonesia.
Published
1991-06-01
How to Cite
RANJITH MAHINDAPALA. (1991). CURRENT STATUS OF COCONUT RESEARCH IN SRI LANKA. CORD, 7(01), 34. https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v7i01.244
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Articles
