PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BASES OF COCONUT PRODUCTION
Keywords:
Physiological, Biochemical, Coconut Production
Abstract
The relevance of the physiological arid biochemical investigations on coconut production has been amply proved. The physiological data on the seedling characters arid the equations developed for leaf area arid dry matter production proved to be valuable tools for application in the nursery selections. The experimental evidence provided by the biochemical studies opened up new vistas for utilising some of the biochemical markers related to the processes of growth arid yield in coconut palms. The rapid screening technique developed for drought tolerance offers a good scope for evaluating the germplasm collections. That the scientific management practices could substantially enhance the yield potential of root (wilt) diseased palms has been convincingly delineated.
References
ABEYWARDANA, V (1969) "Forecasting coconut crops using rainfall data a preliminary study" Ceylon Coconut Quarterly 19, 161 176.
ANONYMOUS, (1976). Annual report of Central Plantation Crops Research Institute for 1975 p 19.
ANONYMOUS (1985). Coconut root (wilt) disease Intensity, production loss and future strategy. CPCRI, Kasaragod. pp. 45.
ANONYMOUS (1987). Annual report of Central Plantation Crops Research Institute for 1987. pp. 49 50.
BALASUBRAMANIAN C. (1956). "Rainfall yield of coconut in S. Kannara Dt. Indian Coconut Journal. 9, 207 214.
BEEVERS, L and HAGEMAN, R.H. (1969). Nitrate reduction in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 20, 495 522.
COOMANS, P. (1975). Influence of climatic factors on seasonal and annual fluctuations in the coconut yield. Oleagineux 30 (4), 153 159.
CORLEY, R.H.V., HARDON, J.J., and WOOD, D.J. (1976). Development in Crop Science 1. Oil palm Research Elsevier Scientific publishing Co. Amsterdam pp. 532.
CROY, L.I. and HAGEMAN, R.H. (1970). Relationship of nitrate reductase activity to grain protein production in wheat. Crop Science 10, 280 285.
ECK, H.V., WILSON, G.C. and MARTINEZ, T. (1975). Nitrate reductase activity of grain sorghum leaves as related to yields of grain dry matter and nitrogen. Crop Science 15, 557 561.
FREMOND, Y and BRUNIN, C (1966). Leaf production and earliness in the young coconut palm. Oleagineux 21, 213 216.
HAGEMAN, R.H., LENG, E.R. and DUDLEY, J.W. 1967. A biochemical approach to corn breeding. Advances in Agronomy 19, 45 86.
HARDON, J.J., WILLIAMS, C.N. and WATSON, I (1969). Leaf area and yield in oil palm in Malaysia. Experimental Agriculture 5, 25 52.
HARLAND, S.C (1957). Circulation paper No. 7/57, Bull. No. 15, Coconut Research Institute, Sri Lanka.
IYER, R.D., BHASKARA RAO, ENN., and GOVINDANKUTTY M.P (1979). Super yielders in coconut. Indian Fmg. 28 (10) :3 5.
KASTURI BAI, KN. and RAMADASAN, A. (1982). Changes in the carvigtdrate fractions in relation to female flower production in coconut. Journal of Plantation Crops 10(2), 124 126.
KASTURI BAI, K.V. and RAMADASAN, A. (1983). Changes in the levels of carbohydrate as a function of environmental variabilities in hybrids and tall coconut palms, In Coconut Research and Development (ed) N.M. Nayar, Wiley Eastern Limited pp. 203 209.
KASTURI BAI, K.V., VOLETI, S.R. and RAJAGOPAL, V. (1988). Water relation of coconut palms as influenced by environmental variables. Agricultural and forest meteorology 43, 193 199.
LAKSHMANACHAR, M.S. (1963). Studies on the effect of rainfall on coconut crops. Indian Coconut Bulletin 16, 370 372.
MENON, K.P.V. and PANDALAI, K.M. (1958). The coconut palm. A monograph. The Times of India Press, Bombay 293 303.
MURRAY, D.B. (1977). Coconut palm. In Ecophysiology of Tropical crops. (eds T.A. Alvim and T.T. Kozlowski. Academic Press. New York 384 407.
PATEL, J.S. (1938). The Coconut. A monograph Govt. Press. Madras pp. 102.
PILLAI, N.G. and DAVIS, T.A. (1963). Exhaust of nutrients by the coconut palm a preliminary study. Indian Coconut Journal 16, 81 87.
POMIER, M. and DE TAFFIN, G. (1982). The tolerance to drought of some coconut hybrids Oleaginux 37, (2), 55 62.
PRASADA RAO, G.S.L.H.V. (1985). Drought and coconut palm. Indian Coconut Journal 15 (12), 3 6.
RAJAGOPAL V, KASTURIBAI KV, RAMADASAN A, BALASIMHA D, VOLETI SR, PATIL KD, AMMA BSK, VARKEY T, MATHEW AS and GOPALA¬KRISHNAN NAIR M (1986). Leaf characteristics and dry matter production in coconut grown under conditions of low, and high drought intensities. Proc. Sym. on the 'Impact of Drought on Plantation Crops', CPCRI Kasaragod. Extended Summary, pp. 33 34.
RAJAGOPAL V, PATIL KD and SUMANTHY KUTTY AMMA, B. (1987). Efficacy of management practices for increasing the productivity of root (wilt) affected palms. Indian Coconut J. 18: 1 4.
RAJAGOPAL, V., RAMADASAN, A, KASTURI BAI, K.V., and BALASIMHA D (1989a). Influence of irrigation on leaf water relations and dry matter production in coconut palms. Irrigation science 10. 73 81.
RAJAGOPAL, V. PATIL KD, MATHEW C and SUMATHY KUTTY AMMA B (1989b). Physiological studies on root (wilt) diseased coconut palms under different management practices. J. Plantation Crops 16 (Suppl.) 47 53.
RAJAGOPAL, V. KASTURI BAI, K.V. and VOLETI, S.R. (1990a). Screening of coconut genotypes for drought tolerance Oleagineux 45(5) 215 223.
RAJAGOPAL, V., KASTURI BAI, K.V., VOLETI, S,R. and SHIVASHANKAR, S. (1990b). Water stress in coconut palms (Cocos nucifera, L) Proc. of International Congress of Plant Physiology Vol. l (eds) S.K. Sinha, P.V. Sane, S.C. Bhargava and P.K. Agrawal. IARI New Delhi pp. 508 512.
RAJAGOPAL, V., KASTURI BAI, K.V. PILLAI, R.V. and VIJAYAKUMAR, K. (1990c). Relationship between Physiological characters and yield in coconut genotypes under rainfed condition in Pr. PLACROSYM IX held at Bangalore. Dec. 4 6 1990. Abst. No. 69, pp. 67.
RAMADASAN, A. and JACOB MATHEW (1987). Leaf area and dry matter production in adult coconut palms Journal of Plantation Crops 15(l), 59 63.
RAMADASAN, A. and MATHEW C. (1977). Relationship of the carbohydrate reserve in the trunk with commencement of flowering in young West Coast Tall coconut palms. Journal of Plantation Crops 5, 125 126.
RAMADASAN, A. and RAJAGOPAL, V. (1987). Physiology of Coconut palm. In Tree physiology (ed) M.R. SETHURAJ, Elsevier Science publishers, B.V., Amsterdam. The Netherlands.
RAMADASAN, A., SATHEESAN, K.V. and BALAKRISHNAN, R. (1980). Leaf area and shoot dry weight in coconut seedling selection. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 50, 553 554.
RAMADASAN, A., MATHEW, C., JACOB MATHEW and SATHEESAN, K.V. (1984). Relative assimilation rate (RAR) in coconut palms. Journal of Plantation Crops. 12, 186 188.
RAMADASAN, A., KASTURI BAI, K.V., SHIVASHANKAR, S. and VIJAYAKUMAR, K (1985). Heritability of seedling vigour in coconut palms. Journal of Plantation Crops 13, 136 138.
RAMADASAN, A., BALAKRISHNAN, T.K. and RAJAGOPAL, V. (1990). Response of coconut genotypes to drought. Indian Coconut Journal (in press).
RAVEENDRAN, T.S. VIJAYARAGHAVAN, H. and RAMACHANDRAN, T.K. (1989). Some physiological aspects and production trends of certain coconut hybrids and their parents. Cocos 7, 36 41.
REES, A.R. and TINKER, P.B.H. (1963). Dry matter production and nutrient content of Plantation Oil palm in Nigeria. 1. growth and dry matter production. Plant and soil 19, 19 32.
SHIVASHANKAR, S. (1990). Studies on soluble enzyme systems of coconut (cocos nucifera, L) Cultivars. Ph. D. Thesis (Mysore University).
SHIVASHANKAR, S and KASTURI BAI, K.V. (1988). A comparative study of the growth and nitrogen accumulation capacity of hybrid Coconut (Cocos nucifera, L) seedlings. The Philippines journal of Coconut studies. XII(l) 24 29.
SHIVASHANKAR, S and KASTURI BAI, K.V. (1989). Ammonium enhances the nitrate reductase activity in coconut (Cocos nucifera, L) Leaves. Journal of Plantation Crops 16 Supplement) 55 60.
SHIVASHANKAR, S and RAMADASAN, A (1983). Nitrate reductase activity in coconut leaves. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 34, 1179 1184.
SHIVASHANKAR, S., KASTURIBAI, K.V. and RAMADASAN, A. (1982). A comparative study of coconut genotypes for components of Photosynthesis and respiration. In Proceedings PLACROSYM V (ed) R.D. Iyer pp. 231 234.
SHIVASHANKAR, S. KASTURI BAI, K.V. and RAJAGOPAL V. (1991). Leaf water potential, stomatal resistance and activity of enzymes during the development of moisture stress in the coconut palm. Tropical Agriculturist (in press).
SHIVASHANKAR, S., RAJAGOPAL, K and RAMADASAN A (1985). Chlorophylls and nitrate reductase activity in relation to heterosis in coconut seedlings. Ann. Bot. 55, 755 758.
WATSON, D.J. (1952). The physiological basis of variation in yield. Advances in Agronomy 4, 101 145.
WICKREMASINGHE, R.L. FERNANDO, V and EKANAYAKE, A. (1980). Nitrate reductase of tea as an indicator of yield and effect of mulching material. Plant and Soil 55, 3 7.
ANONYMOUS, (1976). Annual report of Central Plantation Crops Research Institute for 1975 p 19.
ANONYMOUS (1985). Coconut root (wilt) disease Intensity, production loss and future strategy. CPCRI, Kasaragod. pp. 45.
ANONYMOUS (1987). Annual report of Central Plantation Crops Research Institute for 1987. pp. 49 50.
BALASUBRAMANIAN C. (1956). "Rainfall yield of coconut in S. Kannara Dt. Indian Coconut Journal. 9, 207 214.
BEEVERS, L and HAGEMAN, R.H. (1969). Nitrate reduction in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 20, 495 522.
COOMANS, P. (1975). Influence of climatic factors on seasonal and annual fluctuations in the coconut yield. Oleagineux 30 (4), 153 159.
CORLEY, R.H.V., HARDON, J.J., and WOOD, D.J. (1976). Development in Crop Science 1. Oil palm Research Elsevier Scientific publishing Co. Amsterdam pp. 532.
CROY, L.I. and HAGEMAN, R.H. (1970). Relationship of nitrate reductase activity to grain protein production in wheat. Crop Science 10, 280 285.
ECK, H.V., WILSON, G.C. and MARTINEZ, T. (1975). Nitrate reductase activity of grain sorghum leaves as related to yields of grain dry matter and nitrogen. Crop Science 15, 557 561.
FREMOND, Y and BRUNIN, C (1966). Leaf production and earliness in the young coconut palm. Oleagineux 21, 213 216.
HAGEMAN, R.H., LENG, E.R. and DUDLEY, J.W. 1967. A biochemical approach to corn breeding. Advances in Agronomy 19, 45 86.
HARDON, J.J., WILLIAMS, C.N. and WATSON, I (1969). Leaf area and yield in oil palm in Malaysia. Experimental Agriculture 5, 25 52.
HARLAND, S.C (1957). Circulation paper No. 7/57, Bull. No. 15, Coconut Research Institute, Sri Lanka.
IYER, R.D., BHASKARA RAO, ENN., and GOVINDANKUTTY M.P (1979). Super yielders in coconut. Indian Fmg. 28 (10) :3 5.
KASTURI BAI, KN. and RAMADASAN, A. (1982). Changes in the carvigtdrate fractions in relation to female flower production in coconut. Journal of Plantation Crops 10(2), 124 126.
KASTURI BAI, K.V. and RAMADASAN, A. (1983). Changes in the levels of carbohydrate as a function of environmental variabilities in hybrids and tall coconut palms, In Coconut Research and Development (ed) N.M. Nayar, Wiley Eastern Limited pp. 203 209.
KASTURI BAI, K.V., VOLETI, S.R. and RAJAGOPAL, V. (1988). Water relation of coconut palms as influenced by environmental variables. Agricultural and forest meteorology 43, 193 199.
LAKSHMANACHAR, M.S. (1963). Studies on the effect of rainfall on coconut crops. Indian Coconut Bulletin 16, 370 372.
MENON, K.P.V. and PANDALAI, K.M. (1958). The coconut palm. A monograph. The Times of India Press, Bombay 293 303.
MURRAY, D.B. (1977). Coconut palm. In Ecophysiology of Tropical crops. (eds T.A. Alvim and T.T. Kozlowski. Academic Press. New York 384 407.
PATEL, J.S. (1938). The Coconut. A monograph Govt. Press. Madras pp. 102.
PILLAI, N.G. and DAVIS, T.A. (1963). Exhaust of nutrients by the coconut palm a preliminary study. Indian Coconut Journal 16, 81 87.
POMIER, M. and DE TAFFIN, G. (1982). The tolerance to drought of some coconut hybrids Oleaginux 37, (2), 55 62.
PRASADA RAO, G.S.L.H.V. (1985). Drought and coconut palm. Indian Coconut Journal 15 (12), 3 6.
RAJAGOPAL V, KASTURIBAI KV, RAMADASAN A, BALASIMHA D, VOLETI SR, PATIL KD, AMMA BSK, VARKEY T, MATHEW AS and GOPALA¬KRISHNAN NAIR M (1986). Leaf characteristics and dry matter production in coconut grown under conditions of low, and high drought intensities. Proc. Sym. on the 'Impact of Drought on Plantation Crops', CPCRI Kasaragod. Extended Summary, pp. 33 34.
RAJAGOPAL V, PATIL KD and SUMANTHY KUTTY AMMA, B. (1987). Efficacy of management practices for increasing the productivity of root (wilt) affected palms. Indian Coconut J. 18: 1 4.
RAJAGOPAL, V., RAMADASAN, A, KASTURI BAI, K.V., and BALASIMHA D (1989a). Influence of irrigation on leaf water relations and dry matter production in coconut palms. Irrigation science 10. 73 81.
RAJAGOPAL, V. PATIL KD, MATHEW C and SUMATHY KUTTY AMMA B (1989b). Physiological studies on root (wilt) diseased coconut palms under different management practices. J. Plantation Crops 16 (Suppl.) 47 53.
RAJAGOPAL, V. KASTURI BAI, K.V. and VOLETI, S.R. (1990a). Screening of coconut genotypes for drought tolerance Oleagineux 45(5) 215 223.
RAJAGOPAL, V., KASTURI BAI, K.V., VOLETI, S,R. and SHIVASHANKAR, S. (1990b). Water stress in coconut palms (Cocos nucifera, L) Proc. of International Congress of Plant Physiology Vol. l (eds) S.K. Sinha, P.V. Sane, S.C. Bhargava and P.K. Agrawal. IARI New Delhi pp. 508 512.
RAJAGOPAL, V., KASTURI BAI, K.V. PILLAI, R.V. and VIJAYAKUMAR, K. (1990c). Relationship between Physiological characters and yield in coconut genotypes under rainfed condition in Pr. PLACROSYM IX held at Bangalore. Dec. 4 6 1990. Abst. No. 69, pp. 67.
RAMADASAN, A. and JACOB MATHEW (1987). Leaf area and dry matter production in adult coconut palms Journal of Plantation Crops 15(l), 59 63.
RAMADASAN, A. and MATHEW C. (1977). Relationship of the carbohydrate reserve in the trunk with commencement of flowering in young West Coast Tall coconut palms. Journal of Plantation Crops 5, 125 126.
RAMADASAN, A. and RAJAGOPAL, V. (1987). Physiology of Coconut palm. In Tree physiology (ed) M.R. SETHURAJ, Elsevier Science publishers, B.V., Amsterdam. The Netherlands.
RAMADASAN, A., SATHEESAN, K.V. and BALAKRISHNAN, R. (1980). Leaf area and shoot dry weight in coconut seedling selection. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 50, 553 554.
RAMADASAN, A., MATHEW, C., JACOB MATHEW and SATHEESAN, K.V. (1984). Relative assimilation rate (RAR) in coconut palms. Journal of Plantation Crops. 12, 186 188.
RAMADASAN, A., KASTURI BAI, K.V., SHIVASHANKAR, S. and VIJAYAKUMAR, K (1985). Heritability of seedling vigour in coconut palms. Journal of Plantation Crops 13, 136 138.
RAMADASAN, A., BALAKRISHNAN, T.K. and RAJAGOPAL, V. (1990). Response of coconut genotypes to drought. Indian Coconut Journal (in press).
RAVEENDRAN, T.S. VIJAYARAGHAVAN, H. and RAMACHANDRAN, T.K. (1989). Some physiological aspects and production trends of certain coconut hybrids and their parents. Cocos 7, 36 41.
REES, A.R. and TINKER, P.B.H. (1963). Dry matter production and nutrient content of Plantation Oil palm in Nigeria. 1. growth and dry matter production. Plant and soil 19, 19 32.
SHIVASHANKAR, S. (1990). Studies on soluble enzyme systems of coconut (cocos nucifera, L) Cultivars. Ph. D. Thesis (Mysore University).
SHIVASHANKAR, S and KASTURI BAI, K.V. (1988). A comparative study of the growth and nitrogen accumulation capacity of hybrid Coconut (Cocos nucifera, L) seedlings. The Philippines journal of Coconut studies. XII(l) 24 29.
SHIVASHANKAR, S and KASTURI BAI, K.V. (1989). Ammonium enhances the nitrate reductase activity in coconut (Cocos nucifera, L) Leaves. Journal of Plantation Crops 16 Supplement) 55 60.
SHIVASHANKAR, S and RAMADASAN, A (1983). Nitrate reductase activity in coconut leaves. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 34, 1179 1184.
SHIVASHANKAR, S., KASTURIBAI, K.V. and RAMADASAN, A. (1982). A comparative study of coconut genotypes for components of Photosynthesis and respiration. In Proceedings PLACROSYM V (ed) R.D. Iyer pp. 231 234.
SHIVASHANKAR, S. KASTURI BAI, K.V. and RAJAGOPAL V. (1991). Leaf water potential, stomatal resistance and activity of enzymes during the development of moisture stress in the coconut palm. Tropical Agriculturist (in press).
SHIVASHANKAR, S., RAJAGOPAL, K and RAMADASAN A (1985). Chlorophylls and nitrate reductase activity in relation to heterosis in coconut seedlings. Ann. Bot. 55, 755 758.
WATSON, D.J. (1952). The physiological basis of variation in yield. Advances in Agronomy 4, 101 145.
WICKREMASINGHE, R.L. FERNANDO, V and EKANAYAKE, A. (1980). Nitrate reductase of tea as an indicator of yield and effect of mulching material. Plant and Soil 55, 3 7.
Published
1991-06-01
How to Cite
V. RAJAGOPAL, KV KASTURIBAI, & S. SHIVASHANKAR. (1991). PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BASES OF COCONUT PRODUCTION. CORD, 7(02), 34. https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v7i02.252
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Articles
