INFLUENCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON GROWTH, NUT CHARACTERS AND YIELD OF COCONUT IN LITTORAL SANDY SOIL
Keywords:
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), Drip irrigation, Growth, Littoral sandy soil, Nut characters and Yield
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India for six years (1993-1999) to study the impact of drip irrigation levels and mulching on coconut in littoral sandy soil. The treatments consisted of three levels of drip irrigation (66, 100, and 133 % of open pan evaporation (E0)) along with basin irrigation (100 % of E0) and rainfed control as main plot treatments and mulching with coconut leaves and no mulching as sub plot treatments. The experimental results revealed that annual leaf production and leaf nutrient status of coconut was better in the irrigated treatments compared to the rainfed control. The drip irrigation at 66 per cent of E0 (27 litres of water per palm per day during December-January months and 32 litres of water per palm per day during February-May months) resulted in water saving and the nut yield was on par with 100 per cent and 133 per cent of E0 through drip and 100 per cent of E0 through basin irrigation and differed significantly compared to rainfed control. The nut characters like nut weight, husk weight, copra thickness, copra content and copra yield was superior under irrigated treatments compared to rainfed control. The copra yield was 499 kg per ha under rainfed condition, where as it was 2087 to 2202 kg per ha under irrigated treatments. Irrigation along with mulching with coconut leaves resulted in significantly higher nut yields.
References
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Dhanapal R., Maheswarappa, H.P. & Subramanian, P. 2000a. Response of coconut roots to the methods of irrigation in littoral sandy soil. Journal of Plantation Crops 28(3):208-211.
Dhanapal R., Maheswarappa, H.P., Subramanian, P., Sairam, C.V. & Gopalasundaram, P. 2000b. Micro irrigation technique for coconut in littoral sandy soil. In Recent Advances in Plantation Crops Research 181-185. (Eds. K. Muraleedharan and R. Raj Kumar). UPASI Tea Research Foundation, Tea Research Institute, Valparai, Tamil Nadu. Allied Pub. Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, India.
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Fernandez, J. E., Moreno, F., Cabrera, F., Arrue, J. L. & Martin-Arada, J. 1991. Drip irrigation, soil characteristics, root distribution and root activity of olive trees. Plant and Soil 133:239-251.
Gomez, K. A. & Gomez, A. A., 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd edn. A Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley and Sons.
Jackson, M. L. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Jose Mathew, Pillai, G.R., Santhakumari, G. & Kuruvilla Varughese. 1996. Irrigation management on yield stabilization and annual productivity of coconut. Journal of Tropical Agriculture 34: 33-35.
Kapadiyal, P.K., Koradiya, U.A., Sarvaiya, R.B., Gandhi, A.P., Bhambhaniya, L.B., Lad, A.N. & Raman, S. 1998. Drip irrigation for coconut in south Saurashtra. In Developments in Plantation Crops Research 157-159. (Eds N.M. Mathew, C. Kuruvilla Jacob, J. Licy, T. Joseph, and J.R. Meenattoor). Proceedings of 12th Symposium on Plantation Crops, PLACROSYM XII, Kottayam, India.
Keller, J., Sivanappan, A. K. & Varadan, K. M. 1992. Design logic for deficit drip irrigation of coconut trees. Irrigation and Drainage Systems 6 (1) :1-7.
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Lal, R. 1974. Soil temperature, soil moisture and maize yield from mulched and unmulched tropical soils. Plant and Soil 40:129-149.
Maheswarappa, H.P., Mathew, A.C. & Gopalasundaram, P. 1997. Moisture movement in active root zone of coconut under drip irrigation in littoral sandy soil. Journal of Plantation Crops 25(2):201-204.
Maheswarappa H.P., Subramanian, P., Dhanapal, R., Gopalasundaram, P. & Hegde, M.R. 1998. Influence of irrigation and mulching on soil moisture and soil temperature under coconut in littoral sandy soil. Journal of Plantation Crops 26:93-97.
Mahindapala, R. 1987. Irrigation in coconut. Coconut Bulletin (Sri Lanka) 4(2): 6-12.
Rajagopal, V., Ramadasan, A., Kasturi Bai, K.V. & Balasimha, D. 1989. Influence of irrigation on leaf water relations and dry matter production in coconut palms. Irrigation Science 10(1): 73-81.
Rethinam, P. 2001. Coconut Industry in India. Coconut Development Board, Cochin, India. p. 37.
Sivanappan, R.K. & Kottiswaran, S.V. 1985. Drip irrigation for coconuts in India. Proceedings of Third International Drip/Trickle Irrigation Congress, 18-21 November 1985, Fresno, California, USA, Vol. 1: 198-203.
Subramanian, P., Krishnasamy, S. & Devasagayam, M. M. 1997. Studies on the evaluation of drip irrigation in comparison with surface irrigation (basin) in coconut. South Indian Horticulture 45(5-6):255-258.
Sujatha, S. & Abdul Haris, A. 2000. Root distribution as influenced by different methods of irrigation in young arecanut (Areca catechu L.) palms. Journal of Plantation Crops 28(2):117-122.
Tisdale, L.S., Nelson, W. L. & Beaton, S.D. 1985. Soil fertility and fertilisers. Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc. New York. 700-705.
Uthaiah, B.C., Indiresh, K.M, & Prabhakara Shetty, T.K. 1993. Preliminary studies on the effect of mulches and irrigation on growth of young coconut plants in coastal Karnataka. Indian Coconut Journal 24: 5-9.
Varadan, K.M & Madhava Chandran, K. 1991. Irrigation requirement of coconut under drip method. In Coconut Breeding and Management 281-282. (Eds. E.G., Silas, M. Aravindakshan, and A.I. Jose). Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.
Varadan, K.M. & Rao, A.S. 1983. Effect of mulch on soil temperature in humid tropical latosal under coconut and banana. Agricultural Meteorology 28:375-386.
Venkitaswamy, R., Christopher Lourduraj, A., Devasenapathy, P. Sridharan, C.S., Prabakaran, N.K. & Madhiyazhagan, R. 1997. Effect of drip irrigation on hybrid coconut. Madras Agricultural Journal 84:591-593.
Vidhana Arachchi, L. P. (996. Characterization of physical properties of soils and studies on the development of coconut roots. The project report (12/175/149) submitted to the Council for Agricultural Research Policy (CARP), Sri Lanka.
Vidhana Arachchi, L. P. 1998. Preliminary requirements to design a suitable drip irrigation system for coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in gravelly soils. Agricultural Water Management 38:169-180.
Abeywardena, V. 1979. Influence of watering on the yield of coconut. Ceylon-coconut Quarterly 30 (3-4): 91-100.
Anonymous, 1997. Annual Report for 1996-97. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India. 72-73.
Carr, M.K.V. 1992. Report on a visit to Sri Lanka in the field of Plantation Crops Research, Coconut Research Institute, Sri Lanka.
Dhanapal R., Maheswarappa, H.P. & Subramanian, P. 2000a. Response of coconut roots to the methods of irrigation in littoral sandy soil. Journal of Plantation Crops 28(3):208-211.
Dhanapal R., Maheswarappa, H.P., Subramanian, P., Sairam, C.V. & Gopalasundaram, P. 2000b. Micro irrigation technique for coconut in littoral sandy soil. In Recent Advances in Plantation Crops Research 181-185. (Eds. K. Muraleedharan and R. Raj Kumar). UPASI Tea Research Foundation, Tea Research Institute, Valparai, Tamil Nadu. Allied Pub. Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, India.
Dorota, Z. H. & Forrest, T. 1996. Micro irrigation-the basics. Far Eastern Agriculture. Volume:September/October,17-19.
Fernandez, J. E., Moreno, F., Cabrera, F., Arrue, J. L. & Martin-Arada, J. 1991. Drip irrigation, soil characteristics, root distribution and root activity of olive trees. Plant and Soil 133:239-251.
Gomez, K. A. & Gomez, A. A., 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd edn. A Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley and Sons.
Jackson, M. L. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Jose Mathew, Pillai, G.R., Santhakumari, G. & Kuruvilla Varughese. 1996. Irrigation management on yield stabilization and annual productivity of coconut. Journal of Tropical Agriculture 34: 33-35.
Kapadiyal, P.K., Koradiya, U.A., Sarvaiya, R.B., Gandhi, A.P., Bhambhaniya, L.B., Lad, A.N. & Raman, S. 1998. Drip irrigation for coconut in south Saurashtra. In Developments in Plantation Crops Research 157-159. (Eds N.M. Mathew, C. Kuruvilla Jacob, J. Licy, T. Joseph, and J.R. Meenattoor). Proceedings of 12th Symposium on Plantation Crops, PLACROSYM XII, Kottayam, India.
Keller, J., Sivanappan, A. K. & Varadan, K. M. 1992. Design logic for deficit drip irrigation of coconut trees. Irrigation and Drainage Systems 6 (1) :1-7.
Kulandaivelu, R. 1990. Crop water requirement for coconut through drip system. Proceedings of 11th International Congress on the use of plastics in agriculture, New Delhi, 26th February-2nd March 1990, B.181-B.183.
Lal, R. 1974. Soil temperature, soil moisture and maize yield from mulched and unmulched tropical soils. Plant and Soil 40:129-149.
Maheswarappa, H.P., Mathew, A.C. & Gopalasundaram, P. 1997. Moisture movement in active root zone of coconut under drip irrigation in littoral sandy soil. Journal of Plantation Crops 25(2):201-204.
Maheswarappa H.P., Subramanian, P., Dhanapal, R., Gopalasundaram, P. & Hegde, M.R. 1998. Influence of irrigation and mulching on soil moisture and soil temperature under coconut in littoral sandy soil. Journal of Plantation Crops 26:93-97.
Mahindapala, R. 1987. Irrigation in coconut. Coconut Bulletin (Sri Lanka) 4(2): 6-12.
Rajagopal, V., Ramadasan, A., Kasturi Bai, K.V. & Balasimha, D. 1989. Influence of irrigation on leaf water relations and dry matter production in coconut palms. Irrigation Science 10(1): 73-81.
Rethinam, P. 2001. Coconut Industry in India. Coconut Development Board, Cochin, India. p. 37.
Sivanappan, R.K. & Kottiswaran, S.V. 1985. Drip irrigation for coconuts in India. Proceedings of Third International Drip/Trickle Irrigation Congress, 18-21 November 1985, Fresno, California, USA, Vol. 1: 198-203.
Subramanian, P., Krishnasamy, S. & Devasagayam, M. M. 1997. Studies on the evaluation of drip irrigation in comparison with surface irrigation (basin) in coconut. South Indian Horticulture 45(5-6):255-258.
Sujatha, S. & Abdul Haris, A. 2000. Root distribution as influenced by different methods of irrigation in young arecanut (Areca catechu L.) palms. Journal of Plantation Crops 28(2):117-122.
Tisdale, L.S., Nelson, W. L. & Beaton, S.D. 1985. Soil fertility and fertilisers. Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc. New York. 700-705.
Uthaiah, B.C., Indiresh, K.M, & Prabhakara Shetty, T.K. 1993. Preliminary studies on the effect of mulches and irrigation on growth of young coconut plants in coastal Karnataka. Indian Coconut Journal 24: 5-9.
Varadan, K.M & Madhava Chandran, K. 1991. Irrigation requirement of coconut under drip method. In Coconut Breeding and Management 281-282. (Eds. E.G., Silas, M. Aravindakshan, and A.I. Jose). Kerala Agricultural University, Trichur, India.
Varadan, K.M. & Rao, A.S. 1983. Effect of mulch on soil temperature in humid tropical latosal under coconut and banana. Agricultural Meteorology 28:375-386.
Venkitaswamy, R., Christopher Lourduraj, A., Devasenapathy, P. Sridharan, C.S., Prabakaran, N.K. & Madhiyazhagan, R. 1997. Effect of drip irrigation on hybrid coconut. Madras Agricultural Journal 84:591-593.
Vidhana Arachchi, L. P. (996. Characterization of physical properties of soils and studies on the development of coconut roots. The project report (12/175/149) submitted to the Council for Agricultural Research Policy (CARP), Sri Lanka.
Vidhana Arachchi, L. P. 1998. Preliminary requirements to design a suitable drip irrigation system for coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in gravelly soils. Agricultural Water Management 38:169-180.
Published
2002-12-01
How to Cite
R. Dhanapal, H.P. Maheswarappa, & P. Subramanian. (2002). INFLUENCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON GROWTH, NUT CHARACTERS AND YIELD OF COCONUT IN LITTORAL SANDY SOIL. CORD, 18(02), 34. https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v18i02.360
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Articles
